Examining Charles Darwin and the start of the evolutionary theory

Caleb Mace • April 5, 2025

Examining Charles Darwin and the start of the evolutionary theory

So where did the theory of evolution begin and who even started the idea anyway? For that, we need to take a look back at 1835 when a man by the name of Charles Darwin boarded the S.S. Beagle and set sail towards the Galapagos islands.


Being raised in an Anglican family, Charles Darwin’s father Erasmus had set Charles up to go to Cambridge University in preparation to become a priest. During his time at Cambridge, Charles began to develop an interest in natural science particularly in botany and geology. Shortly after he graduated, he traveled with a captain by the name of Robert FitzRoy and together they set sail on a voyage to the Galapagos Islands on a mission to survey the South American coast. Robert Fitzroy needed a naturalist to accompany him on the voyage and since he was friends with Darwin he asked him if he would come along with him on this 5 year voyage. On their way to the Islands, Darwin was reading a book by Charles Lyell named “Principles of Geology” which argued that the Earth's surface was shaped by gradual geological processes over millions of years instead of a global flood. Darwin being a lover of Geology, began to agree with the ideas presented in the book and began to take more of a naturalistic view of the world.


When they finally reached the islands, Darwin began to study the different varieties of finches and tortoises that were native to the islands and began writing his theories. He observed that the finches that were on the islands were slightly different from each other in the way that their beaks and claws were shaped differently or bigger/smaller than the others, and that some of the tortoises had longer necks than others in order to reach different fruit. Darwin took note of this and began writing his theories for evolution that he would later compose into his book “On the Origin of Species.” He claimed that since these finches and tortoises were slightly different from each other than that must mean they are slowly evolving and changing into a different kind of animal in order to survive their environment. While it’s true that animals adapt to survive their environments, such as in the case of freshwater fish slowly adapting to saltwater or animals like dogs/cows growing thicker fur in order to survive a colder climate, the notion that the animal is slowly changing to become another animal is baseless and unscientific. These were just slightly different variations of the same animal God had created.


Evolution is basically split into two separate categories called macro evolution and micro evolution. The difference is that we can actually observe micro evolution happening in the wild and is a completely normal part of nature and the way God programmed the animals to be able to survive their climates. A famous example of this is in the case of the peppered moth. These insects have bright colored wings in order to blend in with lichen trees and stay safe from predators but during the industrial revolution when coal burning factories were prevalent, these animals wings began to darken naturally in order to blend in with the now darkened enviroment. Over time when the smog in the air was easing up, the moths’ wings began to revert to their initial color. But in the end, it was still a moth… it didn’t change into a different animal to be able to survive the environment. This is an example of what’s called natural selection which means “the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.” This again, is observable science and completely undeniable. God in his infinite wisdom created the animals to be able to adapt and survive their environments. What’s unscientific is the evolutionist's claim started by Charles Darwin that animals will slowly evolve and change into a different animal to be able to survive. Nobody has ever in human history witnessed this phenomenon happen but it’s what the whole crux of evolutionary theory is based upon. Something I’ve always wondered is “if we all evolved from monkeys supposedly then, why are there still monkeys?” Evolution teaches that inferior species die out and bring about ones that can survive their environment, but we have 264 different kinds of monkeys around the world that are all different from each other but are uniquely suited to be able to survive their environment. All coming from the same common ancestor which was on the ark. The same is true for dogs, cows, birds and many different animals. We have variants of these species but in the end, its still the same kind of animal. In Genesis chapter 1 the phrase “after their kind” or “according to their kind” is used 10 times regarding animals, herb bearing seeds, and humans. Corn has always produced corn, whales have always given birth to whales, and humans have of course, always given birth to humans…


After Charles Darwin and Robert FitzRoy finished their expedition to the islands, he began writing his famous book and would unfortunately later become the primary kickstarter for the evolutionary theory which is based upon assumptions and most of the time on outright lies. During his travels and for most of his life, Darwin identified as Agnostic claiming "In my most extreme fluctuations I have never been an atheist in the sense of denying the existence of a God. — I think that generally (& more and more so as I grow older) but not always, that an agnostic would be the most correct description of my state of mind". It is rumored however by a woman named Lady Hope who visited him during his final days claimed that Darwin had ended up turning back to Christianity but there’s no way to know if this is true or not. It is known however, that his wife Emma was a devout Christian.

Examing the Gap Theory

By Caleb Mace • March 10, 2025
Let’s examine a theory some Christians hold to called the gap theory. A man by the name of Thomas Chalmers proposed a theory in the early 19th century called the gap or the ruin and reconstruction theory that tries to fit in the supposed billions of years of history that the scientific community tells us how old the universe is and tried to make it fit into the Bible. The theory claims that after Genesis 1:1 the earth was perfect as God intended but in the time frame from verses 1 to 2 is when the fall of Lucifer happened and Satan wrestled control of the earth from God and started a revolt against him known as the pre-adamic rebellion. During this period of time is when the evolutionary process kicked off giving us the fossil records and the deep rock layers we see today. After a few billion years the earth was void as we read in verse 2 and afterwards, there were six literal days of creation. Now, as silly as this all sounds, there are some Christians who hold to this point of view to fit in what the scientific community tells us about the age of the earth to accommodate the dinosaurs, fossil records, deep rock layers, etc. The biggest piece of evidence creationists and Christians can use to refute the gap theory is by looking at Romans 5:12 where the apostle Paul writes “Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned:” So in this passage, we read that death first came into the world through the sin of Adam and Eve and not through evolutionary processes because it was never in God’s perfect plan for man to die but due to their disobedience God ended up cursing man to eventually grow old and die. So, if there were “billions of years of history” during these six days of creation then there must have been death prior to the fall of man in order for the evolutionary process to run its course. This piece of evidence alone is enough to make the gap theory heretical to scripture and if the gap theory were true then Christians would still be left to answer all of the glaring errors that the gap and evolutionary theory presents claiming billions of years. Secondly, the rock layers and fossil record can easily be explained by Noah’s flood. When the fountains of the deep broke open and the torrential rains started pouring down it took out countless animals and caused devastating damage to the earth's landscape. We can look at places like the Grand Canyon and see the kind of immense damage that much water all at once can cause. We know that water is one of if not the most destructive forces on earth and how rapidly it can change an environment, so it is strong evidence at the very least. The gap theory is a dangerous belief because instead of taking God at his word in Genesis, we are attempting to compromise the Bible in order to make the secular science work as an origin of how we got here and that is a very dangerous game to play and again this theory is entirely unsupported according to scripture. Quite simply, the gap theory is compromising the Bible and heretical to scripture and even if something major like this happened then surely we would have a record of this in Genesis but we do not.

How old is the Universe?

By Caleb Mace • March 10, 2025
How old is the universe? Well that all depends on who you ask. The general consensus that the scientific community agrees upon is that the universe has been around for 13.8 billion years which would have been when the supposed Big Bang first happened. Over the years, this estimate has changed dramatically. Before 1999, scientists claimed the universe was anywhere from seven to twenty billion years old and a recent theory from Professor Rajendra Gupta from the University of Ottawa claims that the universe may be 26.7 billion years old. He proposed this theory based on evidence from the James Webb telescope where we can see “advanced galaxies” and cosmic background radiation. Now, I’ve previously touched on this Cosmic Background Radiation and noted several key points of evidence and doubts against this claim but why does the scientific community constantly need to change the age of the universe whenever they find something that doesn’t fit in with their supposed theories? I believe these extraordinary claims need even more extraordinary evidence for proof. In 2023, scientists were finding galaxies with the James Webb Telescope that they were claiming came into existence anywhere from two hundred to five hundred million years after the Big Bang occurred. But wait, this is confusing because if the Big Bang was the start of everything as they say then how could galaxies form completely independently? The scientific community can never get their story straight and we are constantly finding proof that weighs against the billions of years theory and proves a young earth. As Creationists and Christians, we believe that the universe is only around 6,000 years old and we first came to that number by tracing the genealogies in the Bible all the way from Adam to the time of Jesus. With recent scientific discoveries, we can show that the universe is in fact only around 6,000 years and not billions with there being ample observable evidence in our galaxy alone to prove this. Firstly, we know that the gravitational pull of the Earth's moon Luna significantly impacts the Earth’s rotation and its stability with rotating on the planets axis. In the 1970’s, we learned from laser beams that were reflected from the surface of the moon that it is actually pulling away from the Earth at a rate of about 3.78 centimeters every year. This is interesting because the moon is approximately 384,400 kilometers away so if the universe were 13.8 billion years old, we can show from mathematics that 10.1 billion years ago the moon would have literally been inside of the earth so how would something like this be possible if the big bang were true? Secondly, the Earths rotations has been gradually slowing by 1.8 milliseconds per century and is primarily affected by the gravitational pull of our moon. So, if the Earth is so old then shouldn’t it have completely stopped rotating a few billion years ago? Thirdly, let's look at Saturn. Scientists discovered in 2017 that Saturn’s rings are slowing disappearing and NASA estimates that about the rings are losing about 6,300 pounds of ice every second! They estimate that the planets rings will be gone in about one hundred million to three hundred million years but how can this possibly fit in with the 13.8 billion years old theory? Fourthly, comets with their rate of deterioration of ice and dust only have a lifespan of about 10,000 years according to the scientific community and we actually see them die out frequently. A man by the name of Jan Oort proposed in the 1950’s that new comets must originate in the Oort cloud that is on the edge of our solar system but when you dive into it there is unsurprisingly no observable evidence of comets forming. Lastly and very interestingly, when we take a look at stars, we know that there are small long-lived stars and large short-lived ones because the more mass a star has the quicker it burns out. What is mind-boggling is that just in the Milky Way galaxy alone there are over 100 billion observable stars! However, we see stars blowing up all the time and astronomers estimate that large stars have a max lifespan of less than 10 million years while small stars can last all the way up to 10 billion years. So, if our universe is 13.8 billion years old then how do we still have stars in the sky? Well, it’s theorized that new stars are produced in the Milky Way galaxy every year to replace the ones that have burnt out but of course, there has been no proof of this actually happening and we’re left with a bunch of “theories and guesses” as to why things happen with scientists constantly having to change their answers. We’re told never to question the science but doesn't the very definition of the word science mean “the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation, experimentation, and the testing of theories against the evidence obtained”? Hundreds of years ago it was believed that the Earth was actually at the center of the universe and everything revolved around it. What’s interesting is that a lot of evidence that the scientific community finds ends up proving that the universe isn’t nearly as old as they think it is. The intricate design of our universe is undeniable proof that we must have come from an intelligent creator and the more we study the universe the more in awe us Christians are that God spoke this universe into existence! What’s remarkable is that if the Earth were even one inch closer to the sun it would cause a mass extinction event due to the increased heat we would receive so the notion that the entire universe was just a colossal accident and we just happened to come about due to random chance and processes is absurdity at its finest, entirely illogical, and has no real proof to back it up.  Genesis 1:1 “In the beginning God created the Heaven and the Earth.”

Refuting the Big Bang

By Caleb Mace • March 10, 2025
Where did we come from? As Christians, we know that God created the universe and everything in it in six literal days. We read in Genesis 1:1 that “In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth.” However, the scientific community unanimously agrees on the theory that we came from the “Big Bang.” So, what is the Big Bang and what are some of the inherent problems with this theory? Science teaches that “The universe began, scientists believe, with every speck of its energy jammed into a very tiny point. This extremely dense point exploded with unimaginable force, creating matter and propelling it outward to make the billions of galaxies of our vast universe.” ( Exploratorium.com , 2024) The problem is that this theory is riddled with as many holes as swiss cheese and raises more questions than it answers. The first law of thermodynamics tells us that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It’s in a constant state of being. They claim that all the energy in the universe came from a singularity just before the explosion which resulted in the force necessary for the Big Bang. If this is true, then where could this energy have originated from and how did all of the elements get created from this explosion? The scientific community has been searching for an answer to this question for years but they have never been able to come up with any evidence that supports their theory. Now most astronomers agree that the Big Bang must have been rotating on a sort of axis when the explosion occurred. If this was the case then we should see the law of conservation of angular momentum in place and everything should be spinning in the same direction in orbit. Except, that’s not what we see. We have an entire galaxy named “NGC 4622” which spins clockwise in contrast to the other observable galaxies which spin counterclockwise. In addition to this, we have several large moons that spin in a different direction compared to their respective planets with the most notable one being Neptune’s moon Triton. Another argument that scientists haven’t been able to come up with an answer for is if the Big Bang theory were true then why is the universe so clumpy? If everything spun out in an instant then all of the matter should be evenly distributed except that’s not what we see. We have entire galaxies with differing amounts of space between them some being 5 or 100 million light years apart! One key point of “proof” that scientists will use to defend the theory of the Big Bang is the leftover cosmic background radiation that has been detected in space. Astronomers see this and claim this as proof even though there’s no way to show that this heat even came from the Big Bang at all. Some theorize that the radiation could have come from emission from dust particles or plasma in galaxies and even further evidence attempts to disprove the notion by citing findings such as a non-perfect blackbody spectrum in the radiation, anisotropy issues, and plasma effects. I believe a man by the name of Fred Hoyle said it best when he wrote in his book The Intelligent Universe that “I have little hesitation in saying that as a result a sickly pall now hangs over the big bang theory. As I have mentioned earlier, when a pattern of facts becomes set against a theory, experience shows that it rarely recovers.” (Doyle, 1983) What’s interesting to note about Fred, is that he was an incredibly renowned astronomer and cosmologist who was actually the one who coined the term “The Big Bang” Not only him, but several other notable Astronomers such as Hannes Alfven, Geoffrey Burbidge, and Halton Arp all casted doubt on the validity of the Big Bang theory.  If the Big Bang theory were true, we would see more pieces of evidence for the claim instead we get a theory that scientists have to consistently rewrite time and time again in order to fit their narrative and disprove the Bible but when the theory gets broken down, we can see how it just doesn’t work. Now I do believe that Christians will have our own version of a sort of Big Bang but ours happens at the end of time. 2 Peter 3:10 says “But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night; in the which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the works that are therein shall be burned up.” Looking at the universe, it's obvious that we must have had a creator and we didn't get here by random chance or by an accident. The scientific community disagrees with this idea but to the Christian, it's abundantly clear.